AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -In biology and biochemistry, the active site is the region of an enzyme where substrate molecules bind and undergo a chemical reaction. The active site consists of amino acid residues that form temporary bonds with the substrate (binding site) and residues that catalyse a reaction of that substrate (catalytic site).

Detailed explanation-2: -Enzymes bind substrates at key locations in their structure called active sites. They are typically highly specific and only bind certain substrates for certain reactions.

Detailed explanation-3: -Enzymes (and other catalysts) act by reducing the activation energy, thereby increasing the rate of reaction. The increased rate is the same in both the forward and reverse directions, since both must pass through the same transition state.

Detailed explanation-4: -The part of the enzyme where the substrate binds is called the active site (since that’s where the catalytic “action” happens). A substrate enters the active site of the enzyme. This forms the enzyme-substrate complex.

Detailed explanation-5: -An active site always accomodates the binding of a specific substrate which is suitable to bind with it. When the substrate binds to the active site of the enzyme, it forms enzyme-substrate comlex (ES complex) and it happens due to the catalytic actionSo, the correct option is (D).