LABORATORY REVIEW
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
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Question
[CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
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grow bacteria
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cut DNA into fragments and compare fragment sizes to determine genotype
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amplify a small amount of DNA
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insert a desired gene into a plasmid and insert it into a bacterium
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Detailed explanation-1: -Bacterial transformation is a key step in molecular cloning, the goal of which is to produce multiple copies of a recombinant DNA molecule. Prior steps for creating recombinant plasmids are described in traditional cloning basics and involve insertion of a DNA sequence of interest into a vector backbone.
Detailed explanation-2: -Plasmids can be used as vectors to carry foreign DNA into a cell. Once inside the cell, the plasmid is copied by the host cell’s own DNA replication machinery. In the lab, plasmids are specifically designed so that the DNA they contain will be copied by bacteria.
Detailed explanation-3: -Researchers can insert DNA fragments or genes into a plasmid vector, creating a so-called recombinant plasmid. This plasmid can be introduced into a bacterium by way of the process called transformation. Then, because bacteria divide rapidly, they can be used as factories to copy DNA fragments in large quantities.
Detailed explanation-4: -Genetic transformation provides direct access to a vast pool of useful genes not previously accessible to plant breeders. The first transgenic plants with Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) genes were produced in 1987, while most of the insect-resistant transgenic plants have been developed by using Bt endotoxin gene [72].