AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -PCR involves using short synthetic DNA fragments called primers to select a segment of the genome to be amplified, and then multiple rounds of DNA synthesis to amplify that segment.

Detailed explanation-2: -PCR is based on three simple steps required for any DNA synthesis reaction: (1) denaturation of the template into single strands; (2) annealing of primers to each original strand for new strand synthesis; and (3) extension of the new DNA strands from the primers.

Detailed explanation-3: -Taq polymerase Like DNA replication in an organism, PCR requires a DNA polymerase enzyme that makes new strands of DNA, using existing strands as templates. The DNA polymerase typically used in PCR is called Taq polymerase, after the heat-tolerant bacterium from which it was isolated (Thermus aquaticus).

Detailed explanation-4: -PCR essentially mimics cellular DNA replication in the test tube, repeatedly copying the target DNA over and over, to produce large quantities of the desired DNA.

Detailed explanation-5: -Basically, PCR is DNA replication on a grander scale. The polymerase chain reaction relies on the use of several essential chemical ingredients, including the following: A DNA polymerase. A small amount of DNA to serve as the initial template.