AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Interior to the chloroplast’s inner membrane and surrounding the thylakoids is a fluid called the stroma. The light-independent reactions of photosynthesis take place within the stroma. It contains enzymes that work with ATP and NADPH to “fix” carbon from carbon dioxide into molecules that can be used to build glucose.

Detailed explanation-2: -The light independent process (also called dark reactions or the Calvin-Benson cycle) takes place in the stroma of the chloroplast. Carbon dioxide is modified by series of chemical reactions to form carbohydrates. The energy for these reactions comes from ATP and NADPH generated during the light dependent process.

Detailed explanation-3: -The Calvin cycle takes place in the stroma and uses the ATP and NADPH from the light-dependent reactions to fix carbon dioxide, producing three-carbon sugars-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, or G3P, molecules.

Detailed explanation-4: -The carbon-fixation reactions, which begin in the chloroplast stroma and continue in the cytosol, produce sucrose and many other organic molecules in the leaves of the plant. The sucrose is exported to other tissues as a source of both organic molecules and energy for growth.

Detailed explanation-5: -The chloroplast is involved in both stages of photosynthesis. The light reactions take place in the thylakoid.