AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -When light strikes chlorophyll (or an accessory pigment) within the chloroplast, it energizes electrons within that molecule. These electrons jump up to higher energy levels; they have absorbed or captured, and now carry, that energy.

Detailed explanation-2: -The light dependent process occurs in the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast. The process, illustrated below, begins when light strikes a molecule of chlorophyll and excites electrons to a higher energy state. Water is split to replace the electrons, releasing oxygen as a by-product.

Detailed explanation-3: -Light-dependent reactions happen in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplasts and occur in the presence of sunlight. The sunlight is converted to chemical energy during these reactions. The chlorophyll in the plants absorb sunlight and transfers to the photosystem which are responsible for photosynthesis.

Detailed explanation-4: -When chlorophyll absorbs light, it gets excited and emits electrons. These chlorophylls are found in photosynthetic units called Photosystem I and Photosystem II. Each unit has a specific reaction center which contains pigment molecules. These molecules absorb light of different wavelengths and emit electrons.

Detailed explanation-5: -The light excites an electron from the chlorophyll a pair, which passes to the primary electron acceptor. The excited electron must then be replaced. In (a) photosystem II, the electron comes from the splitting of water, which releases oxygen as a waste product.