AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Light reactions harness energy from the sun to produce chemical bonds, ATP, and NADPH. These energy-carrying molecules are made in the stroma where carbon fixation takes place.

Detailed explanation-2: -Photosynthesis takes place in two distinct stages. In the light reactions, energy from sunlight drives the synthesis of ATP and NADPH, coupled to the formation of O2 from H2O. In the dark reactions, so named because they do not require sunlight, the ATP and NADPH produced by the light reactions drive glucose synthesis.

Detailed explanation-3: -RuBisCO catalyzes a reaction between CO2 and RuBP, which forms a six-carbon compound that is immediately converted into two three-carbon compounds. This process is called carbon fixation, because CO2 is “fixed” from its inorganic form into organic molecules.

Detailed explanation-4: -The Calvin cycle has two parts. First carbon dioxide is ‘’fixed”. Then ATP and NADPH from the light reactions provide energy to combine the fixed carbons to make sugar.