AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -the flattened disc like sac in chloroplast is called thylakoid. Thylakoids float freely within the chloroplast’s stroma . In higher plants, they form a structure called a granum that resembles a stack of coins 10 to 20 high.

Detailed explanation-2: -Chloroplast thylakoids frequently form stacks of disks referred to as grana (singular: granum). Grana are connected by intergranal/stromal thylakoids, which join granum stacks together as a single functional compartment.

Detailed explanation-3: -Red blood cells They contain haemoglobin, which carries oxygen molecules. They don’t have a nucleus, allowing more space to carry oxygen. They are a flat disc shape (bi-concave) which gives them a large surface area, and the best chance of absorbing as much oxygen as they can.

Detailed explanation-4: -The Structure and Function of Chloroplasts The thylakoid membrane forms a network of flattened discs called thylakoids, which are frequently arranged in stacks called grana. Because of this three-membrane structure, the internal organization of chloroplasts is more complex than that of mitochondria.

Detailed explanation-5: -Thylakoids of land plants have a bipartite structure, consisting of cylindrical grana stacks, made of membranous discs piled one on top of the other, and stroma lamellae which are helically wound around the cylinders.