AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -These are the nonvascular plants or bryophytes (mosses, liverworts, and hornworts), the seedless vascular plants (clubmosses and ferns including, horsetails, club mosses, and whisk ferns), gymnosperms (conifers, cycads, Ginkgo, and gnetophytes), and angiosperms, or flowering plants.

Detailed explanation-2: -lower vascular plant, formerly pteridophyte, also called vascular cryptogam, any of the spore-bearing vascular plants, including the ferns, club mosses, spike mosses, quillworts, horsetails, and whisk ferns.

Detailed explanation-3: -Examples are mosses, liverworts and hornworts. They reproduce by spores.

Detailed explanation-4: -The ferns, gymnosperms, and flowering plants are all vascular plants. Because they possess vascular tissues, these plants have true stems, leaves, and roots.