AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Liverworts are distributed worldwide, though most commonly in the tropics. Thallose liverworts, which are branching and ribbonlike, grow commonly on moist soil or damp rocks, while leafy liverworts are found in similar habitats as well as on tree trunks in damp woods.

Detailed explanation-2: -It is usually found on very moist soil or rocks, in rather shady areas, often in the splash zone of creeks. The female reproductive structures of umbrella liverwort mature to look like tiny palm trees or umbrellas. This species is common in greenhouses.

Detailed explanation-3: -Bryophytes thrive in damp, shady environments, but they can also be found in diverse and even extreme habitats, from deserts to arctic areas. Globally there are around 11, 000 moss species, 7, 000 liverworts and 220 hornworts. As they are not flowering plants, bryophytes reproduce by spores instead of seeds.

Detailed explanation-4: -Marchantia polymorpha (Common Liverwort) Marchantia is the classic liverwort of introductory biology texts and laboratories. It is a large thalloid liverwort characterized by the bowl-like gemmae cups produced on its upper surface.