AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Asexual reproduction s. l. and the formation of asexual diaspores therefore is a remarkable feature and widespread in bryophytes. In nearly no other plant group asexual reproduction is so important than in bryophytes. A great number of bryophyte species, especially dioicous ones, reproduce exclusively asexually.

Detailed explanation-2: -Bryophytes thrive in damp, shady environments, but they can also be found in diverse and even extreme habitats, from deserts to arctic areas. Globally there are around 11, 000 moss species, 7, 000 liverworts and 220 hornworts. As they are not flowering plants, bryophytes reproduce by spores instead of seeds.

Detailed explanation-3: -Bryophytes also need a moist environment to reproduce. Their flagellated sperm must swim through water to reach the egg. So mosses and liverworts are restricted to moist habitats.

Detailed explanation-4: -Bryophytes have neither pollen nor flowers and rely on water to carry the male gametes (the sperm) to the female gametes (the eggs). The spore capsules are produced after the sperm have fertilized the eggs. Hence the spores are part of the sexual reproductive cycle. .