AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Protein kinases and phosphatases are enzymes catalysing the transfer of phosphate between their substrates. A protein kinase catalyses the transfer of -phosphate from ATP (or GTP) to its protein substrates while a protein phosphatase catalyses the transfer of the phosphate from a phosphoprotein to a water molecule.

Detailed explanation-2: -Protein kinases are enzymes that catalyze the transfer of the -phosphate of ATP to the protein substrates, thus altering their functions.

Detailed explanation-3: -Protein kinases, which are located in the cytoplasm, are enzymes that phosphorylate proteins. The main protein kinases are PKA, PKG, PKC, 56 and tyrosyl protein kinases (part of tyrosine kinase receptors).

Detailed explanation-4: -Protein kinases transfer a phosphoryl group from ATP onto target proteins and play a critical role in signal transduction and other cellular processes.

Detailed explanation-5: -Protein kinases are enzymes that transfer a phosphate group from a molecule of ATP onto a protein or other substrate. This activity, known as ‘phosphorylation’, is important for a wide range of cellular processes.