AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -During the first part of anaphase, the kinetochore microtubules shorten, and the chromosomes move toward the spindle poles.

Detailed explanation-2: -Anaphase A is the movement of chromosomes toward the spindle poles via shortening of the connecting fibers; it is the focus of this chapter (Figure 1). Anaphase B, which is covered in the subsequent chapter by Scholey et al. [3], is the separation of the two poles from one another via elongation of the spindle.

Detailed explanation-3: -Anaphase begins with the sudden proteolytic cleavage of the cohesin linkage holding sister chromatids together. The breakage of this linkage allows the chromosomes to be pulled to opposite poles (the anaphase A movement). At about the same time, the two spindle poles move apart (the anaphase B movement).

Detailed explanation-4: -Anaphase movement is the movement of sister chromatids of each chromosome towards the pole during M phase of the cell cycle. It is caused by the attachment of spindle fibre to the kinetochores and then shortening of these spindle fibres that pulls these chromosomes to the opposite poles of cell.

Detailed explanation-5: -Anaphase is the fourth phase of mitosis, the process that separates the duplicated genetic material carried in the nucleus of a parent cell into two identical daughter cells.