AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Vaccines work by stimulating a response from the immune system to a virus or bacterium. This creates a ‘memory’ in the immune system. This immune memory allows the body to ‘remember’ a specific virus or bacterium, so that it can protect itself against this virus or bacterium and prevent disease that it causes.

Detailed explanation-2: -Vaccines help your immune system fight infections faster and more effectively. When you get a vaccine, it sparks your immune response, helping your body fight off and remember the germ so it can attack it if the germ ever invades again.

Detailed explanation-3: -The immune system keeps a record of every microbe it has ever defeated, in types of white blood cells (B-lymphocytes and T-lymphocytes) known as memory cells. This means it can recognise and destroy the microbe quickly if it enters the body again, before it can multiply and make you feel sick.

Detailed explanation-4: -After immunization, dendritic cells take up microbial antigens and traffic to draining lymph nodes where they present processed antigens to naïve T cells. These naïve T cells are stimulated to proliferate and differentiate into effector and memory T cells.

Detailed explanation-5: -Vaccines contain a harmless form of the bacteria or virus that causes the disease you are being immunised against. The bacteria or virus will be killed, greatly weakened, or broken down into small parts before use in the vaccine so that they can trigger an immune response without making you sick.