THE CELL
CELL COMMUNICATION
|
Question
[CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
|
|
|
bind to and activate protein kinase A
|
|
|
activate transcription factors
|
|
|
convert ATP to cAMP
|
|
|
bind to and open ligand-gated channels
|
Detailed explanation-1: -Inositol 1, 4, 5-trisphosphate (IP3), a second messenger formed in response to stimulation of cell surface receptors, binds to and activates IP3 receptors (IP3Rs, internal calcium release channels) to liberate calcium from intracellular stores.
Detailed explanation-2: -Inositol 1, 4, 5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs), by releasing Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of animal cells, allow Ca2+ to be redistributed from the ER to the cytosol or other organelles, and they initiate store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE).
Detailed explanation-3: -Second messengers provide a direct connection between signaling molecules such as neurotransmitters, cytokines, and growth factors and changes in gene expression that are ultimately responsible for the proliferation, differentiation, and maturation of nerve cells.
Detailed explanation-4: -Second messengers disseminate information received from cell-surface receptors. Indicated are three examples of a receptor activating an effector to produce a second messenger that modulates the activity of a target.