THE CELL
CELL COMMUNICATION
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Question
[CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
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A receptor mutation that results in activation of a cell division pathway in the absence of the proper ligand
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A mutation results in the loss of the ability to produce a tumor-suppressor protein
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A defect in the cell cycle checkpoint prevents a cell from entering S phase
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At the anaphase checkpoint, separation of chromatids occurs without all the centromeres attached to microtubules
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Detailed explanation-1: -These areas include the G1/S transition, where most cancer‐related defects occur, the G2/M checkpoint and its activation in response to DNA damage, and the spindle checkpoint.
Detailed explanation-2: -A type of drug that blocks proteins called checkpoints that are made by some types of immune system cells, such as T cells, and some cancer cells. These checkpoints help keep immune responses from being too strong and sometimes can keep T cells from killing cancer cells.
Detailed explanation-3: -Tumors often acquire mutations that disable checkpoints and cancer cells can therefore progress unimpeded into S-phase, through G2 and into mitosis with chromosomal DNA damage.
Detailed explanation-4: -DNA Synthesis (S phase) In many cancer cells the number of chromosomes is altered so that there are either too many or too few chromosomes in the cells. These cells are said to be aneuploid. Errors may occur during the DNA replication resulting in mutations and possibly the development of cancer.