AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -In the mouse mammary gland explant culture the adenylate cyclase activity is stimulated by a cooperative action of insulin, prolactin and hydrocortisone. The effect of these hormones can be demonstrated in intact cells, but not in a cell-free system.

Detailed explanation-2: -Adenylyl cyclase is the enzyme that synthesizes cyclic adenosine monophosphate or cyclic AMP from adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Cyclic AMP functions as a second messenger to relay extracellular signals to intracellular effectors, particularly protein kinase A.

Detailed explanation-3: -These results indicate that beta gamma and somatostatin inhibit adenylyl cyclase by different mechanisms, at least in the presence of hormones that stimulate the enzyme.

Detailed explanation-4: -Abstract. Adenylyl cyclases (ACs) are proteins that catalyze the reaction producing cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) from adenosine triphosphate (ATP). There are 10 isoforms of ACs expressed in humans, 9 of which are membrane-bound proteins.