AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Artificial opsonin is a therapeutic strategy to enhance phagocytosis in immunocompromised patients and patients infected with antibiotic-resistant pathogens.

Detailed explanation-2: -Another mechanism by which antibodies can response to pathogens is known as “opsonization.” By opsonization, antibodies enable phagocytes for ingesting and destroying the extracellular bacterium. The phagocytes recognize the Fc region of the antibodies coating the pathogen and foreign particles (Fig. 2).

Detailed explanation-3: -IgG binds to specific antigen and forms an immune complex (IC). Formation of IC can result in a clustering, or opsonization, of antigen by IgG, which in turn facilitates the uptake of the bound antigen by phagocytic cells.

Detailed explanation-4: -After binding to the bacterial surface, IgG and IgA antibodies can directly induce phagocytosis via interaction with Fc receptors on neutrophils.