THE HUMAN IMMUNE SYSTEM
IMMUNE RESPONSE
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Question
[CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
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Activated B-Cell; B-cell growth & differentiation
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Activated CD4-cells; Stimulates differentiation of B-cells & Eosinophils; Promotes IgA & IgE
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Activated B-Cell; Inhibits cytokine synthesis; down-regulates cellular response; enhances immunoglobulin secretion
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Macrophages; Chemoattracts neutrophils; promotes neutrophil adherence to vascular endothelial cells
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Detailed explanation-1: -Once IL-6 is produced, it acts as a potent stimulant for B-cell proliferation, 54 plasma cell survival, 55 and antibody production. IL-6 alone can drive further IgG production from plasma cells, including anti-ssDNA antibodies. In autoimmune disease, IL-6 can elevate the production of pathogenic antibodies.
Detailed explanation-2: -They are produced by a variety of cell types, but the most important sources are macrophages and monocytes at inflammatory sites. IL-6 is the chief stimulator of the production of most acute phase proteins [8], whereas the other implicated cytokines influence subgroups of acute phase proteins.
Detailed explanation-3: -At the late pro-B cell stage, interleukin-7 (IL-7) induces proliferation and differentiation of pro-B cells to pre-B cells.
Detailed explanation-4: -Activated B cells produce interleukin 6 (IL-6), a proinflammatory cytokine that promotes T follicular helper (TFH) cell differentiation.
Detailed explanation-5: -Interleukin 6 (IL-6), promptly and transiently produced in response to infections and tissue injuries, contributes to host defense through the stimulation of acute phase responses, hematopoiesis, and immune reactions.