AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The first line of defence is your innate immune system. Level one of this system consists of physical barriers like your skin and the mucosal lining in your respiratory tract. The tears, sweat, saliva and mucous produced by the skin and mucosal lining are part of that physical barrier, too.

Detailed explanation-2: -The first line of defence (or outside defence system) includes physical and chemical barriers that are always ready and prepared to defend the body from infection. These include your skin, tears, mucus, cilia, stomach acid, urine flow, ‘friendly’ bacteria and white blood cells called neutrophils.

Detailed explanation-3: -Chemical barriers-such as enzymes in sweat, saliva, and semen-kill pathogens on body surfaces. Biological barriers are harmless bacteria that use up food and space so pathogenic bacteria cannot colonize the body.

Detailed explanation-4: -Examples of innate immunity include: Cough reflex. Enzymes in tears and skin oils. Mucus, which traps bacteria and small particles.