THE HUMAN IMMUNE SYSTEM
TRANSFUSION
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Question
[CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
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The amount of water present in the blood
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The speed at which the blood flows
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The strength at which the heart contracts
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The rate at which the heart contracts
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Detailed explanation-1: -Blood volume is determined by the amount of water and sodium ingested, excreted by the kidneys into the urine, and lost through the gastrointestinal tract, lungs and skin. The amounts of water and sodium ingested and lost are highly variable.
Detailed explanation-2: -When sodium is retained in the body, water is as well. This retention results in increased plasma and subsequently increased blood volume. Uncontrolled hypervolemia results in fluid accumulation in various body cavities and other extracellular spaces.
Detailed explanation-3: -The amount of blood circulating within an individual depends on their size and weight, but the average human adult has nearly 5 liters of circulating blood. Women tend to have a lower blood volume than men. However, a woman’s blood volume increases by roughly 50% during pregnancy.
Detailed explanation-4: -Blood volume: increased blood volume increases blood pressure. An injection of 250 mL water causes blood pressure to rise by 10 mmHg within 60 min.
Detailed explanation-5: -Similarly, as blood volume decreases, pressure and flow decrease. As blood volume increases, pressure and flow increase.