AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Genome fragments are sometimes transferred from bacteria to eukaryotes via horizontal gene transfer (HGT). When these DNA fragments contain genes, these genes can retain their functionality in some cases.

Detailed explanation-2: -Genetic engineering is the transfer of DNA from one organism to another using biotechnology. The organism receiving the DNA is said to be genetically modified (GM).

Detailed explanation-3: -The genetic engineering process A small piece of circular DNA called a plasmid? is extracted from the bacteria or yeast cell. A small section is then cut out of the circular plasmid by restriction enzymes, ‘molecular scissors’. The gene for human insulin is inserted into the gap in the plasmid.

Detailed explanation-4: -Escherichia coli is the widely used bacterium in genetic engineering due to the following reasons: It has a generation time of 20 minutes. Easy to culture.