AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -A frameshift mutation (also called a framing error or a reading frame shift) is a genetic mutation caused by indels (insertions or deletions) of a number of nucleotides in a DNA sequence that is not divisible by three.

Detailed explanation-2: -(FRAYM-shift myoo-TAY-shun) An insertion or deletion involving a number of base pairs that is not a multiple of three, which consequently disrupts the triplet reading frame of a DNA sequence.

Detailed explanation-3: -Insertions, deletions, and duplications can all be frameshift variants. Some regions of DNA contain short sequences of nucleotides that are repeated a number of times in a row.

Detailed explanation-4: -Frameshift mutations are deletions or additions of 1, 2, or 4 nucleotides that change the ribosome reading frame and cause premature termination of translation at a new nonsense or chain termination codon (TAA, TAG, and TGA).

Detailed explanation-5: -A frameshift mutation in a gene refers to the insertion or deletion of nucleotide bases in numbers that are not multiples of three. This is important because a cell reads a gene’s code in groups of three bases when making a protein.