AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Because an insertion or deletion results in a frame-shift that changes the reading of subsequent codons and, therefore, alters the entire amino acid sequence that follows the mutation, insertions and deletions are usually more harmful than a substitution in which only a single amino acid is altered.

Detailed explanation-2: -In case of deletion or insertion of a particular fragment of the gene, deletion could be more harmful than insertion, because the deleted fragment of the gene will never be replaced at exact size and exact position of the disabled gene.

Detailed explanation-3: -An insertion changes the DNA sequence by adding one or more nucleotides to the gene. As a result, the protein made from the gene may not function properly. A deletion changes the DNA sequence by removing at least one nucleotide in a gene.

Detailed explanation-4: -A frameshift mutation is a genetic mutation caused by a deletion or insertion in a DNA sequence that shifts the way the sequence is read.