AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Translation takes place on ribosomes in the cell cytoplasm, where mRNA is read and translated into the string of amino acid chains that make up the synthesized protein.

Detailed explanation-2: -The mRNA then carries the genetic information from the DNA to the cytoplasm, where translation occurs. During translation, proteins are made using the information stored in the mRNA sequence. The mRNA attaches to a structure called a ribosome that can read the genetic information.

Detailed explanation-3: -Recall that in eukaryotes, translation can occur either in the cytoplasm or on the rough ER. Membrane and secretory proteins are synthesized in ribosomes on the rough ER whereas the cytosolic proteins are synthesized in ribosomes in cytoplasm.

Detailed explanation-4: -(1) Translation begins when a ribosome (gray) docks on a start codon (red) of an mRNA molecule in the cytoplasm. (2) Next, tRNA molecules attached to amino acids (spheres) dock at the corresponding triplet codon sequence on the mRNA molecule.

Detailed explanation-5: -Assertion : Replication and transcription occur in the nucleus but translation takes place in the cytoplasm. Reason : mRNA is transferred from the nucleus into cytoplasm where ribosomes and amino acids are available for protein synthesis.