AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The majority of genes carried in a cell’s DNA specify the amino acid sequence of proteins; the RNA molecules that are copied from these genes (which ultimately direct the synthesis of proteins) are called messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules.

Detailed explanation-2: -The type of RNA that contains the information for making a protein is called messenger RNA (mRNA) because it carries the information, or message, from the DNA out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm.

Detailed explanation-3: -One of the most significant similarities between DNA and RNA is that they both have a phosphate backbone to which the bases attach. Because of the phosphate group, this backbone is negatively charged-a quality many genetic techniques appreciate and exploit.

Detailed explanation-4: -Although the mRNA contains the same information, it is not an identical copy of the DNA segment, because its sequence is complementary to the DNA template. Transcription is carried out by an enzyme called RNA polymerase and a number of accessory proteins called transcription factors.

Detailed explanation-5: -The ribozyme catalyses specific reactions in a similar way to that of protein enzymes. Also called catalytic RNA, ribozymes are found in the ribosome where they join amino acids together to form protein chains.