AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Duplication is the type of mutation in which portion of genetic material or a chromosome is duplicated or replicated, resulting in multiple copies of that region, while translocation is chromosome abnormality caused by rearrangement of parts between non-homologous chromosomes.

Detailed explanation-2: -Reciprocal translocations occur when chromosomal segments are exchanged between two non-homologous chromosomes and is the most typical type of translocation. Non-reciprocal translocations are a one-way transfer of a chromosomal segment to another chromosome. Translocations have two genetic consequences.

Detailed explanation-3: -Reciprocal translocations between nonhomologous chromosomes have been observed in a variety of malignancies, including leukemia, lymphoma, and sarcomas and they have been implicated in the etiology of disease.

Detailed explanation-4: -The key difference between translocation and crossing over is that translocation occurs between non-homologous chromosomes while crossing over typically occurs between homologous regions of matching chromosomes.

Detailed explanation-5: -A translocation, as related to genetics, occurs when a chromosome breaks and the (typically two) fragmented pieces re-attach to different chromosomes. The detection of chromosomal translocations can be important for the diagnosis of certain genetic diseases and disorders.