AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Each tRNA molecule consists of two distinct ends, one of which binds to a specific amino acid, and the other which binds to a specific codon in the mRNA sequence because it carries a series of nucleotides called an anticodon (Figure 3).

Detailed explanation-2: -At the beginning of translation, the ribosome and a tRNA attach to the mRNA. The tRNA is located in the ribosome’s first docking site. This tRNA’s anticodon is complementary to the mRNA’s initiation codon, where translation starts. The tRNA carries the amino acid that corresponds to that codon.

Detailed explanation-3: -Each group of three bases in mRNA constitutes a codon, and each codon specifies a particular amino acid (hence, it is a triplet code). The mRNA sequence is thus used as a template to assemble-in order-the chain of amino acids that form a protein.

Detailed explanation-4: -Codons in the mRNA bind to the anticodons in the tRNA during protein synthesis (translation). This relationship ensures the correct the amino acids are added to the growing polypeptide chain.

Detailed explanation-5: -It is the messenger RNA codon that carries the message specifying a certain amino acid; it is the transfer RNA that transfers that amino acid to the growing protein chain. The tRNA anticodon is a sequence of three nucleotides that are the complement of the three nucleotides in the mRNA codon.