AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Translation occurs in a structure called the ribosome, which is a factory for the synthesis of proteins. The ribosome has a small and a large subunit and is a complex molecule composed of several ribosomal RNA molecules and a number of proteins.

Detailed explanation-2: -The mRNA then carries the genetic information from the DNA to the cytoplasm, where translation occurs. During translation, proteins are made using the information stored in the mRNA sequence. The mRNA attaches to a structure called a ribosome that can read the genetic information.

Detailed explanation-3: -In molecular biology and genetics, translation is the process in which ribosomes in the cytoplasm or endoplasmic reticulum synthesize proteins after the process of transcription of DNA to RNA in the cell’s nucleus.

Detailed explanation-4: -Thus, in eukaryotes, while transcription occurs in the nucleus, translation occurs in the cytoplasm.

Detailed explanation-5: -Translation, the process in which a ribosome ‘converts’ the sequence of an mRNA into a polypeptide, occurs through the phases of initiation, elongation and termination.