AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Polyploidization, the addition of a complete set of chromosomes to the genome, represents one of the most dramatic mutations known to occur. Nevertheless, polyploidy is well tolerated in many groups of eukaryotes. Indeed, the majority of flowering plants and vertebrates have descended from polyploid ancestors.

Detailed explanation-2: -1. Aneuploidy refers to the presence of an abnormal amount of chromosomes in haploid cells. 1. Polyploidy refers to the presence of an extra set of chromosomes in the cells and occurs due to abnormal cell division and commonly occurs in plants.

Detailed explanation-3: -The four main types of structural chromosomal aberrations are deletion, duplication, inversion, and translocation.

Detailed explanation-4: -Examples of important polyploid plants used for human food include, Triticum aestivum (wheat), Arachis hypogaea (peanut), Avena sativa (oat), Musa sp. (banana), many agricultural Brassica species, Solanum tuberosum (potato), Fragaria ananassa (strawberry), and Coffea arabica (coffee).