AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The majority of mutations have neither negative nor positive effects on the organism in which they occur. These mutations are called neutral mutations.

Detailed explanation-2: -No; only a small percentage of variants cause genetic disorders-most have no impact on health or development. For example, some variants alter a gene’s DNA sequence but do not change the function of the protein made from the gene.

Detailed explanation-3: -B. Silent mutations are a result of the redundancy (degeneracy) of the genetic code: This is false, as silent mutations are the result of a base substitution that has no discernible effect on the amino acid sequence of a protein.

Detailed explanation-4: -Answer and Explanation: “All mutations are harmful and increase the risk of disease such as cancer” is a false statement. It should read “Some mutation may be harmful and increase the risk of diseases such as cancer, but many are beneficial. The majority of mutations are nearly neutral or harmful.

Detailed explanation-5: -Most gene mutations have no effect on health. And the body can repair many mutations. Some mutations are even helpful. For example, people can have a mutation that protects them from heart disease or gives them harder bones.