AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a monogenetic disorder due to a single base-pair point mutation in the -globin gene resulting in the substitution of the amino acid valine for glutamic acid in the -globin chain.

Detailed explanation-2: -Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is an autosomal recessive disorder, with Mendelian inheritance pattern, caused by a missense mutation in the -polypeptide chain of the hemoglobin B.

Detailed explanation-3: -Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetic disorder caused by a mutation in both copies of a person’s HBB gene. This gene encodes a component of hemoglobin, the oxygen-carrying protein in red blood cells. The mutation causes hemoglobin molecules to stick together, creating sickle-shaped red blood cells.

Detailed explanation-4: -Sickle cell disease is caused by a mutation in the hemoglobin-Beta gene found on chromosome 11.

Detailed explanation-5: -For example, sickle cell anemia is caused by a substitution in the beta-hemoglobin gene, which alters a single amino acid in the protein produced.