AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Genetic engineering (also called genetic modification) is a process that uses laboratory-based technologies to alter the DNA makeup of an organism. This may involve changing a single base pair (A-T or C-G), deleting a region of DNA or adding a new segment of DNA.

Detailed explanation-2: -A transgenic, or genetically modified, organism is one that has been altered through recombinant DNA technology, which involves either the combining of DNA from different genomes or the insertion of foreign DNA into a genome.

Detailed explanation-3: -GM is a technology that involves inserting DNA into the genome of an organism. To produce a GM plant, new DNA is transferred into plant cells. Usually, the cells are then grown in tissue culture where they develop into plants. The seeds produced by these plants will inherit the new DNA.

Detailed explanation-4: -Step 4 : Transformation These are the cells to which the new transgene will be added. The new gene is inserted into some of the cells using various techniques. Some of the more common methods include the gene gun, agrobacterium, microfibers, and electroporation.

Detailed explanation-5: -DNA extraction – DNA is extracted from an organism known to have the desired trait. Gene cloning – The gene of interest is located and copied. Gene modification – The gene is modified to express in a desired way by altering and replacing gene regions.