AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a bacterium that is commonly found in the gut of humans and warm-blooded animals. Most strains of E. coli are harmless.

Detailed explanation-2: -E. coli is a preferred host for gene cloning due to the high efficiency of introduction of DNA molecules into cells. E. coli is a preferred host for protein production due to its rapid growth and the ability to express proteins at very high levels.

Detailed explanation-3: -E. coli and yeast enzymes are described as common or equivalent when they play the same role, i.e., catalyze the same reaction step, in the pathways common to the two organisms. The E. coli and yeast enzymes can be, but don’t have to be, homologous.

Detailed explanation-4: -replaced over 50 genes in baker’s yeast (a eukaryote) with their equivalent gene from E. coli bacteria (a prokaryote). If the yeast cells grow healthily after the gene is replaced, it means that that gene works in a similar way in both bacteria and yeast.