AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Restriction endonucleases, also called restriction enzymes, are enzymes that bind to specific base sequences in double-stranded DNA and catalyze hydrolysis of phosphodiester bonds in both strands of the DNA, within or near the specific site.

Detailed explanation-2: -Restriction enzymes break phosphodiester bonds between the phosphate and the pentose sugar in sugar-phosphate backbone at the specific site.

Detailed explanation-3: -Nucleases cleave the phosphodiester bonds of nucleic acids and may be endo or exo, DNases or RNases, topoisomerases, recombinases, ribozymes, or RNA splicing enzymes.

Detailed explanation-4: -Restriction enzymes cleave the phosphodiester bond between the phosphate and the pentose sugar at a particular location in the sugar-phosphate backbone.

Detailed explanation-5: -DNA ligases are polypeptides that catalyze phosphodiester bond formation during DNA replication, recombination, and repair. These enzymes, along with RNA ligases and mRNA capping enzymes, belong to a superfamily of nucleotidyl transferases.