AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -DNA ligase is a DNA-joining enzyme. If two pieces of DNA have matching ends, ligase can link them to form a single, unbroken molecule of DNA. In DNA cloning, restriction enzymes and DNA ligase are used to insert genes and other pieces of DNA into plasmids.

Detailed explanation-2: -The final step in cloning is to incorporate the DNA of interest into the vector. Scientists mix the gene and the opened vector together with a bacterial enzyme called DNA ligase. The ligase sticks DNA ends together to form a single circular molecule that includes both the vector and the gene.

Detailed explanation-3: -Ligase, an enzyme that uses ATP to form bonds, is used in recombinant DNA cloning to join restriction endonuclease fragments that have annealed. The ligase commonly used is T4 DNA ligase, which was first isolated from E. coli that were infected with the lytic bacteriophage T4.

Detailed explanation-4: -Enzymes called DNA ligases join foreign DNA to plasmid or phage vectors, which can then replicate within bacterial cells to create gene libraries.

Detailed explanation-5: -DNA ligases play an essential role in maintaining genomic integrity by joining breaks in the phosphodiester backbone of DNA that occur during replication and recombination, and as a consequence of DNA damage and its repair.