AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Hence, the correct answer is BAC and YAC.

Detailed explanation-2: -Certain viruses are used as vectors because they can deliver the material by infecting the cell. The viruses are modified so they can’t cause disease when used in people. Some types of virus, such as retroviruses, integrate their genetic material (including the new gene) into a chromosome in the human cell.

Detailed explanation-3: -Usually a retrovirus is used as a vector for introducing a DNA fragment in human cells like lymphocytes.

Detailed explanation-4: -Artificial plasmids are widely used as vectors in molecular cloning, serving to drive the replication of recombinant DNA sequences within host organisms. In the laboratory, plasmids may be introduced into a cell via transformation. Synthetic plasmids are available for procurement over the internet.

Detailed explanation-5: -Plasmids that are used experimentally for these purposes are called vectors. Researchers can insert DNA fragments or genes into a plasmid vector, creating a so-called recombinant plasmid. This plasmid can be introduced into a bacterium by way of the process called transformation.