AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -DNA Fingerprinting is also called Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (RFLPs) Analysis. Restriction enzyme recognition sites are short (only a few nucleotides long), sequence-specific palindromes, and may be found throughout the genome.

Detailed explanation-2: -DNA is made up of a nitrogen base, sugar, and a phosphate backbone. DNA fragments cut by restriction enzymes are called restriction fragments.

Detailed explanation-3: -Gel electrophoresis is a technique used to separate DNA fragments according to their size. DNA samples are loaded into wells (indentations) at one end of a gel, and an electric current is applied to pull them through the gel. DNA fragments are negatively charged, so they move towards the positive electrode.

Detailed explanation-4: -DNA fingerprinting, also called DNA typing, DNA profiling, genetic fingerprinting, genotyping, or identity testing, in genetics, method of isolating and identifying variable elements within the base-pair sequence of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).

Detailed explanation-5: -The oldest method used in DNA fingerprinting studies is restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. RFLP analysis has been widely employed by researchers to identify genes linked to several Mendelian (single-gene) diseases, such as Huntington’s disease.