FOOD TECHNOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -You may have not been aware that your muscle cells can ferment. Fermentation is the process of producing ATP in the absence of oxygen, through glycolysis alone. Recall that glycolysis breaks a glucose molecule into two pyruvate molecules, producing a net gain of two ATP and two NADH molecules.

Detailed explanation-2: -Answer: During anaerobic cellular respiration, glucose is broken down without oxygen. The chemical reaction transfers glucose energy to the cell. In fermentation, instead of carbon dioxide and water, lactic acid is produced which can lead to painful muscle cramps.

Detailed explanation-3: -(a) When there is enough oxygen available to a muscle cell during cellular respiration, pyruvate will be converted to lactic acid, and fermentation will occur.

Detailed explanation-4: -Lactic acid, C3H6O3. Lactic acid fermentation makes ATP in the absence of oxygen by converting glucose to lactic acid (through a pyruvate intermediate). Making lactic acid from pyruvate oxidizes NADH, regenerating NAD+ so that glycolysis can continue to make more ATP rapidly. Each circle represents a carbon atom.