FOOD TECHNOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Fermentation happens in anaerobic conditions (i.e., without oxygen). Fermentation begins with glycolysis which breaks down glucose into two pyruvate molecules and produces two ATP (net) and two NADH. Fermentation allows glucose to be continuously broken down to make ATP due to the recycling of NADH to NAD+.

Detailed explanation-2: -When oxygen is absent, glucose cannot be broken down by the respiratory chain. Instead, it undergoes fermentation to produce pyruvic acid; it then enters the citric acid sequence, generating energy for the cell. Fermentation also produces waste products used by the cell, such as ethanol and carbon dioxide.

Detailed explanation-3: -Muscles perform lactic acid fermentation in lack of oxygen. It is a type of anaerobic respiration. When a person performs vigorous activities like exercise the muscles utilize enormous amounts of oxygen which subsequently leads to oxygen deficiency.

Detailed explanation-4: -Glycolysis, which is the first step in all types of cellular respiration is anaerobic and does not require oxygen. If oxygen is present, the pathway will continue on to the Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. However, if oxygen is not present, some organisms can undergo fermentation to continually produce ATP.