FOOD TECHNOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Fermentation reactions occur in the cytoplasm of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. In the absence of oxygen, pyruvate does not enter the mitochondria in eukaryotic cells.

Detailed explanation-2: -The fermentation of lactic acid or lactate fermentation is an anaerobic process that takes place in the cytoplasm of the cells. In this process, the enzyme converts the pyruvic acid produced in glycolysis into a three-carbon molecule called lactic acid.

Detailed explanation-3: -Fermentation happens in cytoplasm when aerobic respiration is unavailable, thus NADH formed after glycolysis cannot be converted into NAD+. Without NAD+, cells cannot continue to undergo glycolysis, and ATP synthesis is halted. Cells reduce NADH back into NAD+, by undergoing fermentation.

Detailed explanation-4: -Fermentation occurs in yeast cells, and a form of fermentation takes place in bacteria and in the muscle cells of animals. In yeast cells (the yeast used for baking bread and producing alcoholic beverages), glucose can be metabolized through cellular respiration as in other cells.