AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -To ‘read’ these blueprints, the double-helical DNA is unzipped to expose the individual strands and an enzyme translates them into a mobile, intermediate message, called ribonucleic acid (RNA). This intermediate message is called messenger RNA (mRNA), and it carries the instructions for making proteins.

Detailed explanation-2: -Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis. They are messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). rRNA forms ribosomes, which are essential in protein synthesis.

Detailed explanation-3: -These groups of three on the mRNA are referred to as codons. The ribosome matches each mRNA codon to the complementary group of three on the tRNA molecule (called the anticodon). tRNA is short for transfer RNA because the function of tRNA is to transfer amino acids to the protein that is being built.