AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The Calvin cycle takes place mainly in the leaf of a green plant, more specifically in the stroma of the chloroplasts. These plants-or organisms that can produce energy from the carbon fixation cycle in the presence of light-are known as photoautotrophs.

Detailed explanation-2: -Carbon fixation, the incorporation of carbon dioxide into an organic molecule, is the first step of the light independent process.

Detailed explanation-3: -Dark reaction is also called carbon-fixing reaction. It is a light-independent process in which sugar molecules are formed from the carbon dioxide and water molecules. The dark reaction occurs in the stroma of the chloroplast, where they utilize the products of the light reaction.

Detailed explanation-4: -Light reactions harness energy from the sun to produce chemical bonds, ATP, and NADPH. These energy-carrying molecules are made in the stroma where carbon fixation takes place.