AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Epinephrine and Norepinephrine Like the glucagon receptor, -adrenergic receptors are linked to a Gs signaling pathway that increases intracellular cAMP. Epinephrine also promotes glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis through the 1 adrenergic receptor, which is coupled to the Gq/IP3/DAG signaling pathway.

Detailed explanation-2: -This results in an increase in the amount of glucose available to muscles. 2. The signaling pathway triggered by epinephrine causes the liver cells to activate metabolism. This includes the production of enzymes that help to break down glucose.

Detailed explanation-3: -When activated, adenylyl cyclase converts a large number of ATP molecules into signaling molecules, called cyclic AMP (cAMP). Because cAMP carries the message of the first messenger (epinephrine) into the cell, cAMP is referred to as a second messenger.

Detailed explanation-4: -Another second messenger used in many different cell types is cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP or cAMP), a small molecule made from ATP. In response to signals, an enzyme called adenylyl cyclase converts ATP into cAMP, removing two phosphates and linking the remaining phosphate to the sugar in a ring shape.