AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Signal transduction initiates the transcription process by activating the so-called transcription factors, which are sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins.

Detailed explanation-2: -Gene expression is the process by which the instructions in our DNA are converted into a functional product, such as a protein.

Detailed explanation-3: -Gene expression is the process by which the information encoded in a gene is turned into a function. This mostly occurs via the transcription of RNA molecules that code for proteins or non-coding RNA molecules that serve other functions.

Detailed explanation-4: -Enhancers act on promoters by binding activating transcription factors (TFs) and bringing them into close proximity to promoters by a phenomenon known as DNA looping. The enhancer-bound proteins result in stronger activation than would be possible with the promoter-bound proteins alone.

Detailed explanation-5: -All organisms and cells control or regulate the transcription and translation of their DNA into protein. The process of turning on a gene to produce RNA and protein is called gene expression.