AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Using recombinant DNA technology, scientists are able to create new DNA sequences that would not naturally exist under normal circumstances and environmental conditions. The resulting recombinant DNA is put into a host cell, where it is expressed into a new protein, which is the so-called recombinant protein.

Detailed explanation-2: -The added gene is called a transgene, which can be passed to progeny as a new component of the genome. The resulting organism carrying the transgene is called a transgenic organism or a genetically modified organism (GMO).

Detailed explanation-3: -A common method uses two types of enzymes: restriction enzymes and DNA ligase. A restriction enzyme is a DNA-cutting enzyme that recognizes a specific target sequence and cuts DNA into two pieces at or near that site.

Detailed explanation-4: -When plasmids are used to produce a desired protein, the desired gene is inserted into the plasmid, and the plasmid is returned to the bacterium by transformation.