AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Each person normally has one pair of sex chromosomes in each cell. The Y chromosome is present in males, who have one X and one Y chromosome, while females have two X chromosomes.

Detailed explanation-2: -Definition. Sex-linked, as related to genetics, refers to characteristics (or traits) that are influenced by genes carried on the sex chromosomes. In humans, the term often refers to traits or disorders influenced by genes on the X chromosome, as it contains many more genes than the smaller Y chromosome.

Detailed explanation-3: -The X chromosome has about 900 genes while the Y chromosome has about 55. The Y chromosome contains a ‘male-determining gene’ called the SRY gene. This gene is what triggers testes to form in the embryo, if there is a mutation in this gene the embryo will develop female genitalia despite having XY chromosomes.

Detailed explanation-4: -Sex linkage applies to genes that are located on the sex chromosomes. These genes are considered sex-linked because their expression and inheritance patterns differ between males and females.

Detailed explanation-5: -Sex-linked genes are located on the X chromosome result in X-linkage. Similarly, Y-linkage refers to the gene which is present on the Y chromosome. Since females are homogametic with XX chromosome and males have XY chromosome, the Y-linked traits are transmitted via males only.