AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -DNA profiling is a forensic method used for the detection of people by their DNA characteristics.

Detailed explanation-2: -DNA fingerprinting is used in a variety of situations, such as criminal investigations, other forensic purposes and paternity testing. In these situations, one aims to “match” two DNA fingerprints with one another, such as a DNA sample from a known person and one from an unknown person.

Detailed explanation-3: -Most forensic scientists and crime lab technicians use what’s called DNA profiling to identify criminals and victims using trace evidence like hair or skin samples.

Detailed explanation-4: -The most common type of DNA profiling today for criminal cases and other types of forensic uses is called “STR” (short tandem repeat) analysis. Using DNA to distinguish between two individuals is a tricky matter, because close to 99.9 percent of our DNA is the same as everybody else’s DNA.

Detailed explanation-5: -DNA fingerprinting is a technique that involves isolating and extracting DNA from cells, amplifying it through PCR, and running it through gel electrophoresis. Restriction enzymes are used to cut the DNA into fragments of different sizes that are called short tandem repeats or STRs.