FOOD TECHNOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Scientists had been able to add new genes to bacterial cells for several years. In the early 1980s, they figured out how to add stably-inherited new genes to animals. The first such “transgenic animals” were mice and fruit flies.

Detailed explanation-2: -The transgene is the foreign gene that is inserted, and the transgenic animal is the one whose genome has been transformed. The genes are handed down through the generations. Mouse is the first transgenic animal.

Detailed explanation-3: -Transgenic animals are animals (most commonly mice) that have had a foreign gene deliberately inserted into their genome. Such animals are most commonly created by the microinjection of DNA into the pronuclei of a fertilised egg which is subsequently implanted into the oviduct of a pseudopregnant surrogate mother.

Detailed explanation-4: -Transgenic mice, in which the gene is depleted or silenced to cause a loss of gene function, are called knockout mice.